# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction to Sanitary Napkin Composition

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow while providing comfort and protection. Understanding the raw materials used in their production helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use. Modern sanitary napkins consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in absorption, comfort, and protection.

## The Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven fabric (polypropylene or polyethylene)
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or other natural fibers

Key functions:
– Provides a soft, comfortable surface
– Allows quick liquid penetration to the absorbent core
– Keeps the skin dry by preventing backflow

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial component that determines the product’s effectiveness. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both

Absorption mechanism:
– Fluff pulp provides initial liquid absorption
– SAP particles trap and retain fluid (can absorb up to 30 times their weight)
– The combination creates a high-capacity, leak-resistant core

### 3. Back Sheet

The bottom layer that prevents leakage and protects clothing. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

– Forms a liquid-proof barrier
– Allows vapor transmission in breathable versions
– Provides structural integrity to the pad

### 4. Adhesive Components

Various adhesives serve different purposes:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive (for panty attachment)
– Hot melt adhesives (for layer bonding)
– Release paper (protects adhesive before use)

## Additional Features in Modern Sanitary Napkins

### Wings

– Extensions that fold under underwear
– Provide extra security and prevent side leakage
– Typically made from the same material as the top sheet

### Fragrance and Deodorizers

– Some products include odor-control agents
– May use activated charcoal or baking soda
– Controversial due to potential irritation concerns

### Indicator Strips

– Color-changing technology shows when to change
– Helps maintain proper hygiene

## Environmental Considerations

With growing environmental awareness, manufacturers are exploring:

– Biodegradable materials (bamboo, organic cotton)
– Chlorine-free bleaching processes
– Reduced plastic content
– Compostable packaging

## Quality and Safety Standards

Reputable manufacturers adhere to:

– FDA regulations (for US market)
– European Union standards
– ISO certifications
– Dermatological testing for skin safety

## Conclusion

Understanding the raw materials in sanitary napkins empowers women to choose products that align with their comfort needs, health concerns, and environmental values. As technology advances, we continue to see innovations in materials that improve performance while reducing environmental impact. Whether opting for conventional or eco-friendly options, knowing what goes into these essential products helps ensure proper menstrual hygiene management.