# Sanitary Pad Raw Materials and Their Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Components

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and properties of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose and made from carefully selected materials.

## Core Absorbent Materials

### Wood Pulp

Wood pulp forms the primary absorbent core in most sanitary pads. This material is highly absorbent, capable of holding several times its weight in liquid. The fluff pulp is processed to create a soft, fibrous structure that quickly absorbs menstrual flow.

### Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)

Modern pads incorporate SAP, a synthetic material that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to its mass. SAP transforms liquid into a gel, preventing leakage and keeping the surface dry. This component significantly enhances the pad’s absorption capacity while reducing bulkiness.

## Top Layer Materials

### Nonwoven Fabric

The top layer that comes in contact with the skin is typically made from nonwoven materials like:

– Polypropylene
– Polyethylene
– Rayon blends

These materials are chosen for their softness, breathability, and ability to quickly transfer liquid to the absorbent core while maintaining a dry surface feel.

## Backing Materials

### Polyethylene Film

The backsheet of sanitary pads is usually made from thin polyethylene film, which provides:

– Liquid-proof protection
– Flexibility
– Strength to prevent leaks

Some premium pads use breathable microporous films that allow vapor transmission while blocking liquid.

## Adhesive Components

### Pressure-sensitive Adhesives

Sanitary pads contain several types of adhesives:

– Wing adhesives for secure attachment to underwear
– Core stabilization adhesives
– Packaging adhesives

These are specially formulated to be skin-friendly while providing reliable performance.

## Additional Components

### Release Paper

The protective backing that covers the adhesive before use is typically made from silicone-coated paper or plastic film.

### Fragrance Components (optional)

Some pads include small amounts of fragrance materials, though these are becoming less common due to potential skin sensitivity issues.

## Material Safety and Standards

All sanitary pad materials must meet strict safety regulations:

– Hypoallergenic properties
– Non-toxic composition
– Dermatologist tested
– Compliance with international hygiene standards

Manufacturers continuously research and develop new materials to improve comfort, absorption, and environmental sustainability in sanitary pad production.