# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Understanding the materials used in sanitary pad production helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated film materials
– Cotton or bamboo fiber blends

Key properties:
– Soft and comfortable texture
– Quick-drying surface
– Hypoallergenic qualities
– Breathable structure

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial component that determines the pad’s absorption capacity. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Cotton or rayon fibers
– Bamboo charcoal fibers

Absorption characteristics:
– High liquid retention capacity
– Rapid absorption rate
– Effective odor control
– Moisture-locking technology

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and provides structural integrity. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Biodegradable materials like PLA (polylactic acid)

Important features:
– Liquid-proof barrier
– Flexible yet durable
– Some offer breathability
– Environmentally friendly options available

### 4. Adhesive Components

These ensure the pad stays in place:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for attachment to underwear
– Non-slip wing adhesives
– Hypoallergenic formulations

## Specialized Materials and Additives

Modern sanitary pads often include additional materials for enhanced performance:

– Odor control agents (activated charcoal, baking soda)
– Aloe vera or vitamin E for skin care
– Antibacterial treatments (silver ions, tea tree oil)
– Cooling gels for comfort

## Material Safety and Standards

All sanitary pad materials must meet strict safety regulations:

– FDA approval for direct skin contact
– Absence of harmful chemicals (dioxins, chlorine)
– Phthalate-free formulations
– Dermatologically tested components

## Environmental Considerations

The industry is moving toward more sustainable materials:

– Biodegradable top sheets and back sheets
– Organic cotton options
– Plant-based superabsorbent materials
– Compostable packaging

## Conclusion

Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary pad raw materials helps consumers select products that offer optimal comfort, protection, and safety. As technology advances, we can expect continued improvements in material performance and environmental sustainability in feminine hygiene products.