# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products composed of various specialized materials. The raw materials used in their production determine the pad’s absorbency, comfort, and overall performance. Understanding these components helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use during menstruation.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or other natural fiber blends

Key properties: Softness, breathability, and quick-dry capability to keep skin feeling dry.

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the central layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of pulp and SAP

The SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, transforming it into a gel to prevent leakage.

### 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and is usually made from:

– Polyethylene film
– Microporous breathable films
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

This layer must be liquid-proof while allowing some breathability.

### 4. Adhesive Components

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for pad attachment to underwear
– Hot melt adhesives for bonding layers together

## Additional Features and Materials

### Wings and Side Barriers

Many pads include:

– Nonwoven wing materials
– Elastic components for better fit
– Barrier leg cuffs to prevent side leakage

### Fragrance and Additives

Some pads contain:

– Deodorizing agents
– Aloe vera or other skin-soothing additives
– Antimicrobial treatments

## Material Properties and Performance Factors

The effectiveness of a sanitary pad depends on several material properties:

– Absorbency rate and capacity
– Retention capability (preventing re-wetting)
– Breathability index
– Softness and comfort against skin
– Flexibility and conformability
– Hypoallergenic qualities

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments include:

– Biodegradable top sheets from bamboo or corn fibers
– Plant-based SAP alternatives
– Compostable back sheet materials
– Reduced plastic content in all components

Manufacturers continue to innovate with new materials that balance performance, comfort, and environmental sustainability. Understanding these raw materials helps consumers select products that meet their specific needs while aligning with their values.