# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The quality and performance of these products largely depend on their raw material composition. Understanding the materials used in sanitary pad production helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene (most common)
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or bamboo-based materials (for organic options)

Key properties: Softness, breathability, quick-drying capability

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the central layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of fluff pulp and SAP

Absorption capacity: Typically ranges from 10 to 50 times its weight in liquid

### 3. Back Sheet

The waterproof layer that prevents leakage. Materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Microporous “breathable” films
– Biodegradable options like PLA (polylactic acid)

Properties: Liquid-proof, flexible, comfortable

### 4. Adhesive Components

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive for pad attachment to underwear
– Hot melt adhesive for bonding layers together

## Specialized Materials in Premium Pads

### 1. Odor Control Additives

– Activated charcoal
– Baking soda
– Natural plant extracts

### 2. Antibacterial Treatments

– Silver ions
– Chitosan
– Tea tree oil extracts

### 3. Comfort Enhancers

– Aloe vera coatings
– Vitamin E treatments
– Cooling gel components

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments focus on eco-friendly alternatives:

– Biodegradable top sheets from bamboo or cotton
– PLA-based back sheets
– Chlorine-free fluff pulp
– Plant-based adhesives

## Material Safety Standards

All sanitary pad materials must comply with:

– FDA regulations (for US market)
– EU REACH compliance
– ISO 9001 quality standards
– Dermatologically tested certifications

## Future Material Innovations

Emerging trends include:

– Smart materials that change color for health monitoring
– Nanofiber technology for ultra-thin designs
– Fully compostable material combinations
– Antimicrobial fabrics that reduce infection risks

Understanding these material compositions helps consumers select products that match their needs for comfort, absorption, and environmental impact while ensuring proper hygiene and safety standards.