# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose and made from carefully selected materials.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene

– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or cotton-blend materials

Key properties:
– Soft and comfortable texture
– Quick-drying surface
– Hypoallergenic properties
– High permeability to allow liquid passage

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Wood pulp (fluff pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Airlaid paper
– Cotton or rayon fibers

Absorption characteristics:
– High liquid retention capacity
– Rapid absorption rate
– Good distribution of fluid throughout the pad
– Minimal rewet (keeping surface dry)

### 3. Back Sheet (Barrier Layer)

The back sheet prevents leakage and keeps moisture from reaching clothing. Materials used:

– Polyethylene or polypropylene films
– Breathable microporous films
– Nonwoven fabric composites

Important features:
– Liquid-proof barrier
– Vapor permeability (in premium products)
– Quiet and flexible material
– Strong adhesive for secure placement

### 4. Adhesive Components

Various adhesives serve different functions:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive for panty attachment
– Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding
– Construction adhesives for core stability

Adhesive requirements:
– Strong enough to stay in place
– Gentle on fabrics
– Leaves minimal residue
– Non-irritating to skin

## Specialized Materials in Premium Pads

### 1. Odor Control Additives

– Activated charcoal
– Baking soda
– Antimicrobial agents

### 2. Wetness Indicators

– pH-sensitive dyes
– Moisture-reactive pigments

### 3. Cooling or Heating Elements

– Menthol-infused layers
– Heat-generating mineral particles

## Material Safety and Environmental Considerations

Manufacturers must ensure all materials:

– Are dermatologically tested
– Free from harmful chemicals
– Comply with international safety standards
– Consider biodegradability for eco-friendly options

## Future Trends in Sanitary Pad Materials

Emerging material innovations include:

– Biodegradable plant-based materials
– Nanofiber technology for better absorption
– Smart materials with health monitoring capabilities
– Sustainable and compostable alternatives to traditional plastics

Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary pad raw materials helps consumers make informed choices and appreciate the engineering behind these essential hygiene products.